![]() In addition, there are nutritionally induced type 2 models such as the high-fat diet (HFD) C57Blk/6J mouse, galactose-enriched feed diet, in which the physiology can be studied. ![]() The models for type 2 diabetes used in the studies of DN include genetic models such as BBZDR/Wor rat, Goto Kakizaki (GK) rat, Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda (NSY) mouse, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats (OLETF) and Db/db mouse. ,, , In addition to this, late symptoms of neuropathy such as hypoalgesia, motor incoordination, nerve degeneration, demylination and loss of epidermal nerve fiber are manifested in STZ diabetic rodents. A single dose of STZ can produce diabetes in rodents, probably as a result of its direct toxic effect on β-cell by alkylation, while ALX toxicates the b-cell by the generation of reactive oxygen species.Įarly symptoms of neuropathy seen in STZ and ALX diabetic rodents include hyperalgesia, allodynia and slow NCV. Streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan (ALX) are two commonly used drugs to induce diabetes in animal models. Induced models are further subdivided as drug-induced and diet-induced models of DN. Animal models that are used to study DN are broadly divided into two classes: induced models and genetic models. There are various models available, including models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, for the study of neuropathy in rodents. This will provide adequate tools to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs with potential activity in DN as well as the etiological factors in the pathogenesis of DN. The aim of this review is to highlight the available animal models and biomarkers of DN in rodents. It is important to know about the different biomarkers of neuropathy in diabetic rodents and the time it takes to develop after the induction of diabetes. Contributing factors to the neuropathy phenotype in rodents include background strain, diet composition, insulin/C-peptide deficiency, coexisting hyperglycemia and hypertension and duration of diabetes. There are advantages and disadvantages to each model for the investigation of rodent DN. The decision to select the animal model for a particular protocol is very important. Diabetic rodents show many abnormalities that are seen in diabetic patients with neuropathy, including hyperalgesia, allodynia, slow nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and progressive sensory and sensory motor deficit. The selected animal model of DN should exhibit the features present in human pathology. In order to identify new treatments of DN, it is necessary to select the precise animal model. In the United States, diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the leading cause of diabetes-related hospital admissions and nontraumatic amputations. It occurs in 60% of the patients and affects their quality of life. Neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). ![]() Animal models and biomarkers of neuropathy in diabetic rodents. RODENT RAGE FOT HOW TOHow to cite this URL: Shaikh A S, Somani R S. How to cite this article: Shaikh A S, Somani R S. Keywords: Biomarker, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic rodents We have reviewed the different animal models and biomarkers of neuropathy in diabetic rodents of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetic rodents show behavioral, functional, structural and molecular biomarkers and they are widely used as models to investigate the etiology of DN as well as to screen the efficacy of the potential therapeutic interventions. ![]() The most useful model of DN should exhibit the key feature present in human pathology. Animal models and biomarkers of DN have been extensively used in neuropathic research. The cause of DN is still unclear and, like other complications of diabetes, it may be the result of various pathological conditions. It is a late finding in type 1 diabetes, but can be an early finding in type 2 diabetes. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a multifactor complication of diabetes. ![]()
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